d4 · tools · cve
Severity, exploit probability and exploitation status for one vulnerability, drawn from NVD, FIRST EPSS and CISA's exploited catalogue.
inferred from weakness class no curated mapping exists for this CVE; these are the techniques typically seen with CWE-23 vulnerabilities
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Inferred from CWE-23.
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
Inferred from CWE-23.
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Inferred from CWE-23.
Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters.
Inferred from CWE-23.
Adversaries may attempt to subvert Kerberos authentication by stealing or forging Kerberos tickets to enable Pass the Ticket.
Inferred from CWE-23.
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
Inferred from CWE-23.
A vulnerability in the Advanced Malware Protection (AMP) feature of Cisco Secure Email Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to write arbitrary files on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to improper handling of email attachments when the file reputation service is enabled. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending an email that contains a crafted attachment through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to write arbitrary files and execute commands with root privileges on the underlying operating system.
CVSS measures how bad exploitation would be; EPSS estimates how likely exploitation is within 30 days; the CISA listing means it is already happening. Read them together: a CVSS 9.8 with EPSS 0.04% is usually less urgent than a CVSS 7.2 on the exploited list. Data: NVD, FIRST EPSS, CISA KEV; detail is cached for a week, scores for a day. ATT&CK techniques come from the CTID KEV mappings project where a curated mapping exists, otherwise they are inferred from the weakness class and labelled as such. ATT&CK is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.