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CVE-2025-25249.

Severity, exploit probability and exploitation status for one vulnerability, drawn from NVD, FIRST EPSS and CISA's exploited catalogue.

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known exploited Fortinet Multiple Products Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Vendor / product: Fortinet - Multiple Products
Listed by CISA: 2026-09-09
Federal fix deadline: 2026-09-12 (passed)
Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.

Scores

CVSS 3.1: 8.1 high CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS: 2.4% estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (higher than 83% of all CVEs)
Weakness class: CWE-122, CWE-787

ATT&CK techniques

inferred from weakness class no curated mapping exists for this CVE; these are the techniques typically seen with CWE-122, CWE-787 vulnerabilities

ReconnaissanceResource DevelopmentInitial Access ExecutionPersistencePrivilege Escalation StealthDefense ImpairmentCredential AccessDiscoveryLateral MovementCollectionCommand and ControlExfiltrationImpact

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application

Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

Inferred from CWE-122, CWE-787.

T1190 on attack.mitre.org

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter

Execution

Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.

Inferred from CWE-122, CWE-787.

T1059 on attack.mitre.org

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution

Execution

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.

Inferred from CWE-122, CWE-787.

T1203 on attack.mitre.org

T1204 User Execution

Execution

An adversary may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution.

via sub-technique T1204.002 Malicious File

Inferred from CWE-122, CWE-787.

T1204 on attack.mitre.org

T1574 Hijack Execution Flow

ExecutionStealth

Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs.

Inferred from CWE-122, CWE-787.

T1574 on attack.mitre.org

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

Inferred from CWE-122, CWE-787.

T1068 on attack.mitre.org

See these techniques on the full ATT&CK matrix.

Description

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets

Published: 2026-01-13
Last modified: 2026-09-10
NVD status: Analyzed

References

Covered in Decrypted

The bill comes due for the SSO flaw that hit 138 companies (2026-09-13)

CVSS measures how bad exploitation would be; EPSS estimates how likely exploitation is within 30 days; the CISA listing means it is already happening. Read them together: a CVSS 9.8 with EPSS 0.04% is usually less urgent than a CVSS 7.2 on the exploited list. Data: NVD, FIRST EPSS, CISA KEV; detail is cached for a week, scores for a day. ATT&CK techniques come from the CTID KEV mappings project where a curated mapping exists, otherwise they are inferred from the weakness class and labelled as such. ATT&CK is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.